Table 1 Study characteristics
Author, year of publication | Article title | Journal of publication | Country of origin | Type of study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adhikari et al., 2021 [57] | A mixed-methods feasibility study to assess the acceptability of immersive virtual reality sepsis game as an adjunct to nursing education | Nurse Education Today | United Kingdom (UK) | Non-randomized pre-post-test feasibility study |
Anbro et al., 2020 [24] | Using virtual simulations to assess situational awareness and communication in medical and nursing education: a technical feasibility study | Journal of Organizational Behavior Management | United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test comparative feasibility study |
Atthill et al., 2021 [25] | Exploring the impact of virtual asynchronous debriefing method after a virtual simulation game to support clinical decision-making | Clinical Simulation in Nursing | Canada | Pre-post-test comparative study |
Blanie et al., 2020 [26] | Comparative value of a simulation by gaming and a traditional teaching method to improve clinical reasoning skills necessary to detect patient deterioration: a randomized study in nursing students | BMC Medical Education | France | Single-blind randomized controlled study |
Bracq et al., 2021 [27] | Training situational awareness for scrub nurses: error recognition in a virtual operating room | Nurse Education in Practice | France | Pre-post-test study |
Carrard et al., 2020 [28] | Virtual patient simulation in breaking bad news training for medical students | Patient Education and Counseling | Switzerland | Focus-group study |
Casler et al., 2022 [29] | The effect of asynchronous group discussions on nurse practitioner student debriefing experience in virtual simulation | Journal of American Association of Nurse Practitioners | United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test comparative study |
Chen and Liou, 2022 [30] | Development and application of AR-based assessment system for infant airway obstruction first aid training | Children | Taiwan | Focus-group qualitative study |
Cieslowski and Haas, 2023 [31] | Innovative learning: implementing virtual reality in a large class of prelicensure students using limited equipment, time, and resources | Nursing Education Perspectives | United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test study |
Colonna et al., 2022 [32] | Trauma bay virtual reality — a game changer for ATLS instruction and assessment | Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery | United States of America (USA) | Single-institution prospective cohort study |
Du et al., 2022 [33] | A novel scenario-based, mixed-reality platform for training nontechnical skills of battlefield first aid: prospective interventional study | JMIR Serious Games | China | Pre-post-test prospective interventional study |
Fogg et al., 2020 [34] | Using virtual simulation to develop clinical judgement in undergraduate nursing students | Clinical Simulation in Nursing | United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Hu et al., 2022 [35] | Teaching disaster evacuation management education to nursing students using virtual reality mobile game-based learning | CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing | China, United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test comparative study |
Jayasundera et al., 2022 [36] | Virtual reality simulation: evaluating an experiential tool for the clinical application of pathophysiology | Medical Science Educator | United States of America (USA) | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Sahin Karaduman and Basak, 2023 [37] | Is virtual patient simulation superior to human patient simulation: a randomized controlled study | CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing | Turkey | Randomized controlled trial |
Pardue et al., 2022 [38] | Exploring the development of nursing clinical judgement among students using virtual reality simulation | Nurse Educator | United States of America (USA) | Interventional study |
Kim et al., 2023 [39] | Constructing a mixed simulation with 360° virtual reality and a high-fidelity simulator: usability and feasibility assessment | CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing | South Korea | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Kiyozumi et al., 2022 [40] | Development of virtual reality content for learning Japan Prehospital Trauma Evaluation and Care initial assessment procedures | Acute Medicine and Surgery | Japan | Prospective cohort study |
Kleinheksel, 2014 [41] | Transformative learning through virtual patient simulations: predicting critical student reflections | Clinical Simulation in Nursing | United States of America (USA) | Interventional study |
Lee et al., 2022 [42] | Optimizing learning experiences in mental-health nursing education using virtual reality simulation with 360-degree video | Science, Engineering, and Health Studies | South Korea | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Lee et al., 2023 [43] | Effectiveness of the patient’s severity classification competency promotion virtual reality program of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic period | Healthcare | South Korea | Pre-post-quasi-experimental study |
Mahling et al., 2023 [44] | Virtual reality for emergency medicine training in medical school: prospective, large-cohort implementation study | Journal of Medical Internet Research | Germany | Prospective cohort study |
Mascarenhas et al., 2023 [45] | A novel approach to the room of errors (ROE): a three-dimensional virtual tour activity to spotlight patient safety threats | Cureus | United States of America (USA) | Prospective cohort study |
McCallum et al., 2011 [58] | Exploring nursing students’ decision-making skills while in a Second Life clinical simulation laboratory | Nurse Education Today | United Kingdom (UK) | Qualitative study |
Michelet et al., 2020 [46] | Effect of computer debriefing on acquisition and retention of learning after screen-based simulation of neonatal resuscitation: randomized controlled trial | JMIR Serious Games | France | Randomized controlled trial |
Middeke et al., 2018 [47] | Training of clinical reasoning with a serious game versus small-group problem-based learning: a prospective study | PLOS One | Germany, United Kingdom (UK) | Prospective cohort study |
Mills et al., 2020 [48] | Virtual reality triage training can provide comparable simulation efficacy for paramedicine students compared to live simulation-based scenarios | Prehospital Emergency Care | Australia | Prospective cohort study |
Park et al., 2022 [49] | Learning effects of virtual versus high-fidelity simulations in nursing students: a crossover comparison | BMC Nursing | South Korea | Quasi-experimental crossover study |
Rim and Shin, 2022 [50] | Development and assessment of a multiuser virtual environment nursing simulation program: a mixed-methods research study | Clinical Simulation in Nursing | South Korea | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Rogers, 2011 [51] | Developing simulations in multiuser virtual environments to enhance healthcare education | British Journal of Educational Technology | Australia | Qualitative study |
Saab et al., 2021 [52] | Incorporating virtual reality in nurse education: a qualitative study of nursing students’ perspectives | Nurse Education Today | Ireland | Qualitative descriptive study |
Sara et al., 2021 [53] | The effects of computer-based simulation game and virtual reality simulation in nursing students’ self-evaluated clinical reasoning skills | CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing | Finland | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Watari et al., 2020 [54] | The utility of virtual patient simulators for clinical reasoning education | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | Japan | Pre-post-test interventional study |
Williams et al., 2020 [55] | Teaching interprofessional competencies using virtual simulation: a descriptive exploratory research study | Nursing Education Today | Canada | Pre-post-test descriptive qualitative study |
Yang and Oh, 2022 [56] | The effects of neonatal resuscitation gamification program using immersive virtual reality: a quasi-experimental study | Nurse Education Today | South Korea | Quasi-experimental study |