Table 3 Team aid effect themes

Improved team performance

Improved team situation awareness

Status of case

[Transl.] “When used properly, it [TRAC] is a very useful structured way to document the course of the resuscitation in a way that keeps everyone informed, especially the circulator and team leader.” [R31, doctor]

[Transl.] “Provides overview on where case is, what has been done already and what still needs to be done.” [R2, doctor]

Status ALS algorithm

[Transl.] “Clear overview of [ALS] blocks, shock/no shock and medication given.” [R27, nurse]

[Transl.] “Clear status where you are in CPR [algorithm] and what medication has to be given.” [R39, nurse]

Review opportunity

[Transl.] “[ALS] blocks can be reviewed / read back.” [R18, nurse]

[Transl.] “Opportunity to review course of the case afterwards.” [R45, nurse]

Structure

[Transl.] “Provides structure in a hectic situation.” [R28, nurse]

[Transl.] “It provides a nice structure to the [ALS] protocol. In addition, it provides a lot of overview, even with E-CPR requirements.” [R7, nurse]

Summarizing

[Transl.] “Overview for circulator so that brief summaries after rhythm checks are easier to do.” [R36, nurse]

[Transl.] “Having an overview facilitates summarization” [R5, doctor]

Improved communication

Structured communication

[Transl.] “Communication is more structured.” [R13, doctor]

[Transl.] “As a circulator, you have a better overview and can therefore better inform the team leader during CPR.” [R23, nurse]

Ease of(f) communication

[Transl.] “More calmness as people can see where the case is, so there is less need to communicate about it.” [R19, nurse]

Facilitates consensus

[Transl.] “[TCAR] contributes to [team] alignment and including everyone in the thought process and achieving consensus in the decision making.” [R42, doctor]

[Transl.] “Checklist function, did we consider all [differential] diagnoses; are all team members on the same page?” [R11, doctor]

Mutual feedback

[Transl.] “Makes it easier to speak up to each other and remain vigilant as a team.” [R2, doctor]

Communication new team members

[Transl.] “Quick overview for the whole team, easy to catch up on when new colleagues enter the room.” [R84, doctor]

Increased team participation

More input

[Transl.] “The TRAC allows the entire team to oversee the case at a glance, e.g. regarding relevant differential diagnosis, status of the [ALS] block and medication that has been given. As a result, I found that everyone is thinking about the case or preparing for the next step.” [R24, nurse]

[Transl.] “It [TRAC] contributes immensely to communication, collaborative thinking and situational awareness of the team.” [R49, nurse]

Re-engaging

[Transl.] “It is easier to follow case progression and the current situation. This makes it easier to catch up and contribute again [after being task fixated].” [R7, nurse]

Anticipation

[Transl.] “When used in the shock room [ref. TRAC], the whole team can see where in the [ALS] algorithm we are, this is especially beneficial to the circulation and team leader of course. This allows everyone to anticipate what tasks are expected, what further interventions can be done.” [R49, nurse]

Improved task performance

Improved drug administration

Verification/reminder

[Transl.] “Good overview of current [ALS] block with quick overview of which medication is to be administered.” [R42, doctor]

[Transl.] “Overview of when to administer which medication.” [R36, nurse]

Reduced mistakes

[Transl.] “Less chance of errors through structured documentation of ALS blocks, defibrillations and medication given. Also possible to anticipate next medication administration if the [person documenting] is aware of this option.” [R31, doctor]

“It [TRAC] is beneficial when transitioning from shock to no-shock blocks and vice versa.” [R48, doctor]

Improved clinical reasoning

Completeness

[Transl.] “Checklist function, did we consider all [differential] diagnoses; are all team members on the same page?” [R11, doctor]

[Transl.] “The [ALS] block overview is nice, also being able to ‘check off’ differential diagnoses helps.” [R56, doctor]

In-depth reasoning

[Transl.] “Clinical reasoning is improved through use of TRAC.” [R48, doctor]

[Transl.] “Everyone is informed about the case. Everyone is invited to think along and apply broad clinical reasoning.” [R28, nurse