Table 4 Pre- and post-workshop SOSS findings (stigma items)

Stigma items

Reckless

10.43

2.05 (1.66)

5.08

1.68 (0.93)

2.75

0.00*

Selfish

7.76

1.86 (1.52)

5.08

1.58 (0.82)

2.30

0.01*

Punishing others

6.90

1.98 (1.41)

3.39

1.72 (0.88)

1.93

0.03*

Hurtful

6.90

1.84 (1.46)

10.17

1.88 (1.07)

-0.25

0.40

Unjustifiable

5.17

1.74 (1.27)

3.39

1.58 (0.68)

1.32

0.09

Irresponsible^a

4.35

1.79 (1.04)

6.78

1.61 (0.86)

1.60

0.06

Unnatural

3.45

1.65 (0.95)

0.00

1.39 (0.42)

2.22

0.02*

Immoral

3.45

1.60 (0.82)

1.69

1.47 (0.54)

1.41

0.08

Unfair^a

3.48

1.59 (0.94)

5.08

1.63 (0.86)

-0.31

0.38

Cruel

3.45

1.56 (0.75)

1.69

1.47 (0.61)

0.87

0.19

Senseless

3.45

1.49 (0.72)

3.39

1.47 (0.65)

0.18

0.43

Cowardly

2.59

1.51 (0.68)

0.00

1.35 (0.34)

1.76

0.04*

Ignorant

1.72

1.53 (0.62)

0.00

1.42 (0.46)

1.18

0.12

Shallow

1.72

1.47 (0.56)

0.00

1.44 (0.46)

0.42

0.34

A burden

1.72

1.40 (0.57)

0.00

1.35 (0.34)

0.60

0.28

An embarrassment

0.86

1.35 (0.45)

0.00

1.25 (0.26)

1.35

0.09

Strange

0.86

1.47 (0.65)

0.00

1.44 (0.46)

0.47

0.32

Attention-seeking

0.00

1.53 (0.58)

0.00

1.51 (0.54)

0.15

0.44

Stupid

0.00

1.47 (0.47)

0.00

1.33 (0.33)

1.74

0.04*

Weak^a

0.00

1.46 (0.40)

1.69

1.54 (0.54)

-0.85

0.20

Vengeful

0.00

1.40 (0.42)

0.00

1.39 (0.38)

0.24

0.41

Arrogant^a

0.00

1.38 (0.42)

0.00

1.36 (0.42)

0.21

0.42

Shameful

0.00

1.35 (0.30)

0.00

1.28 (0.31)

1.07

0.14

Lazy

0.00

1.35 (0.34)

0.00

1.44 (0.46)

-1.04

0.15

Unforgivable

0.00

1.33 (0.33)

0.00

1.30 (0.36)

0.57

0.28

Violent

0.00

1.32 (0.36)

0.00

1.44 (0.43)

-1.47

0.07

Pathetic

0.00

1.32 (0.33)

0.00

1.32 (0.33)

0.00

0.50

Failures

0.00

1.32 (0.26)

0.00

1.26 (0.27)

0.90

0.19

Evil

0.00

1.30 (0.36)

0.00

1.23 (0.25)

0.89

0.19

Barbaric^a

0.00

1.30 (0.36)

0.00

1.32 (0.40)

-0.26

0.40

Useless

0.00

1.26 (0.23)

0.00

1.26 (0.30)

0

0.50