Fig. 1

A framework for team cognition measure types. Six categories of team cognition measures as defined by timing and directness of measures. Indirect, post-task measures are highlighted with a darkened box because this is the measurement type dominated by the prevailing team cognition measure evidenced by tools such as NO-TECHS [18] and ANTS [25]. Remaining measure types are all reflected in the healthcare literature, with the exception of pre-task indirect measures (i.e. marked in a checkered box); despite being a plausible measure type, this was not identified in our review of cognition measures