Fig. 3

Manual semantic meaning overlay of debriefing stages of two speaker flow charts enables to perform stage-specific analysis. For example, in the discussion-centric stage A2, where students discuss and reflect on the hand-over simulation, recording 05 was dominated by student discussions whereas recording 02 showed longer feedback (F) sequences from debriefers. This suggests a more effective A2 stage in recording 05 in terms of students’ engagement