Table 1 NPT constructs and components as described by Finch et al. [21] Reproduced with permission from Huddlestone et al. [22]
NPT construct | Coherence | Cognitive participation | Collective action | Reflexive monitoring |
The process and work of sense making and understanding that individuals and organisations undertake that promote or inhibit the routine embedding of a practice | The process and work that individuals undertake to promote engagement with the new practice | The work done by individuals and organisations to enact the new practice | The work inherent to formal and informal appraisal of new practice, to enable assessment of advantages and disadvantages, developing users’ comprehension of the effects of a practice | |
NPT components | Differentiation | Enrolment | Interactional workability | Systematisation |
Do stakeholders see this as a new way working? | Do the stakeholders believe they are the correct people to drive forward the implementation? | Does the intervention make it easier or harder to complete tasks? | Will stakeholders be able to judge the effectiveness of the intervention? | |
Individual specification | Initiation | Skill set workability | Individual appraisal | |
Do individuals understand what tasks the intervention requires of them? | Are they willing and able to engage others in the implementation? | Do those implementing the intervention have the correct skills and training for the job? | How will individuals judge the effectiveness of the intervention? | |
Communal specification | Activation | Relational integration | Communal appraisal | |
Do all those involved agree about the purpose of the intervention? | Can stakeholders identify what tasks and activities are required to sustain the intervention? | Do those involved in the implementation have confidence in the new way of working? | How will stakeholders collectively judge the effectiveness of the intervention? | |
Internalisation | Legitimation | Contextual integration | Reconfiguration | |
Do all the stakeholders grasp the potential benefits and value of the intervention? | Do they believe it is appropriate for them to be involved in the intervention? | Do local and national resources and policies support the implementation? | Will stakeholders be able to modify the intervention based on evaluation and experience? |